QSM
Quantum Source and Measurement Module
Release: V26.07
DESCRIPTION
The Quantum Source and Measurement (QSM) module is developed for DC transport experiments, qubit characterization and qubit operations with DC pulses. It integrates sourcing and measurement capabilities in a single instrument.
The QSM module is supported by the DC Cluster mainframe, guaranteeing ground-loop-free operation, interference isolation, and long-term stability.
Scalable and modular
With 8 channels per QSM and up to 20 modules in the DC Cluster, a maximum of 160 reconfigurable input/output channels are available for DC transport experiments and qubit operation.
Excellent performance
The QSM and DC Cluster are designed to provide long-term stable output at ultra-low noise level. Thanks to its dedicated mainframe, DC-optimized Cluster completely avoids interferences and ground loops.
Fast time to results
QSM modules seamlessly operate together with other Qblox baseband modules within the DC cluster ensuring rapid transition to experiments.
FEATURES
8 re-configurable DC input and output channels for current source/measure and voltage sourcing.
28-bit resolution with <0.6 μV step size.
+/- 10 V voltage sourcing range.
Up to 50 mA current sourcing.
0.5 pA to 50 mA current measurement range.
Simultaneous (gate) leakage current monitoring.
APPLICATIONS
Semiconductor Devices and Spin Qubits
- Source and measurement of gated micro/nanostructures and devices (transistors, quantum dots) from a single module.
- Up to 10 V gate voltages for high-k gate dielectrics.
- Monitoring leakage current upon a gate breakdown on voltage output channel, simultaneously.
- In spin-qubit experiments, static DC voltage source for tuning quantum dot potentials in long-term operations.
The schematic shows how QSM is used in a typical quantum dot architecture.*Quantum dot illustration is re-used from, Hanson, R. (2005). Electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots (PhD Thesis).
Superconductor Devices and Superconducting Qubits
- Complete I/V characterization of (hybrid) superconducting materials and devices (JJs, SQUIDs).
- Precise source biasing through the charge transport channel with 28-bit output resolution.
- Multi-gate operation for tuning the device properties up to 10 V.
- Monitoring leakage current upon a gate breakdown on voltage output channel, simultaneously.
- In flux-tunable transmon qubit experiments, QSM can be used as bias source for the SQUIDs.
DC-SQUIDs and Josephson junctions are fundamental elements of superconducting qubits. As both devices may operate both at current and voltage biased modes, QSM is an ideal module for such applications.* DC-SQUID illustration is re-used from, Clarke, J., & Braginski, A. I. (2004). The SQUID Handbook (Vol. 1). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Color Centers, Trapped Ions, and Cold Atoms
- Controlling the electrostatic environment and fine-tuning the drive frequency of NV center qubits.
- Driving optical elements such as modulators, deflectors, piezos, coils to generate an anti-Helmholtz magnetic field, H-bridge, current control of the lasers, etc.
SEM image of an NV center qubit. QSM is used to apply a DC voltage to the blue lines to tune the frequency of the device.* Bernien, H., Hensen, B., Pfaff, W., et al. (2013). Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres. Nature, 497, 86–90.
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS QSM
Number of I/O channels:
8 I/O
SOURCING / OUTPUT
Voltage and current sourcing:
All channels
Output voltage range:
+/- 10 V
Output current range
(into 50 Ω load):
(into 50 Ω load):
+/- 50 mA
DC resolution:
28 bits (effectively)
Step size:
< 0.6 μV
Selectable filter settings:
10 Hz, 10 kHz, 250 kHz
Rise time (0 - 1 V step):
32 ms @ 10 Hz / 34 μs @ 10 kHz / 1.3 μs @ 250 kHz
Temperature coefficient:
0.05 ppm / °C of range / +0.45 ppm / °C of output
Voltage and current update time:
5 ms
1/f noise @ 100 Hz
Output: 1V, filter: 250 kHz:
Output: 1V, filter: 250 kHz:
15 nV/√Hz
MEASUREMENT / INPUT
Current measure:
All channels
Current measure range:
0.5 pA to 50 mA
Current measure resolution:
0.5 pA @ 0.5 pA - 10 nA range
1 nA @ 1 nA - 10 μA range
1 μA @ 1 μA - 50 mA range
1 nA @ 1 nA - 10 μA range
1 μA @ 1 μA - 50 mA range
Current measure sample rate
(for 1 nA - 50 mA range):
(for 1 nA - 50 mA range):
200 ksps
Compliance current:
50 mA
Compliance voltage:
10 V
Input impedance:
High-Z
Temperature coefficient current:
pA range: 80 ppm/°C
nA range: 15 ppm/°C
mA range: 20 ppm/°C
nA range: 15 ppm/°C
mA range: 20 ppm/°C
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Connector type:
SMP
Power consumption:
27 W
Power supply:
via DC Cluster
Data connection to host PC:
1 Gbit/s via DC Cluster
Driver/API:
QCoDeS / Python
Weight:
0.322 kg
Download PDF
download PDF
Qblox B.V. - Delftechpark 22 | 2628 XH Delft | The Netherlands | Chamber of Commerce 72525053 | All rights reserved | sales@qblox.com